PCOS - Balance Point Endocrinology

What is PCOS? A Comprehensive Guide

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Understanding it is the first step to effective management.

What exactly is PCOS?

PCOS is a complex condition characterized by hormonal imbalances. The ovaries produce excessive androgens (male hormones like testosterone), disrupting the reproductive system and leading to various problems.

Key Symptoms of PCOS:

• Irregular or absent periods (amenorrhea): Periods may be infrequent, widely spaced, or cease entirely.
• Ovarian cysts: Fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries. Note that not all women with PCOS have visible cysts on ultrasound.
• High levels of androgens: This can cause:
  • Excess hair growth (hirsutism): Unwanted hair on the face, chest, or back.
  • Acne: Persistent and significant breakouts.
  • Weight gain: Often concentrated around the abdomen.
  • Thinning hair or hair loss: A common and distressing symptom.
• Insulin resistance: Ineffective insulin use, leading to elevated blood sugar and increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
• Infertility: PCOS can impair fertility.

What causes PCOS?

The exact cause is unknown, likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A family history (mother or sister with PCOS) increases the risk. Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, also appear to play a role.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a physical exam, review of medical history, and tests:

• Pelvic exam: To check for abnormalities.
• Blood tests: To measure hormone levels (including androgens) and assess insulin resistance.
• Ultrasound: To examine the ovaries for cysts.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment focuses on symptom management and preventing long-term complications. Options include:

• Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, healthy diet, and regular exercise can significantly improve symptoms.
• Medication: To regulate periods, manage acne and hair growth, and improve fertility. This may include birth control pills, metformin (for insulin resistance), and other medications.
• Fertility treatments: Ovulation induction may be recommended for those trying to conceive.

The Bottom Line:

PCOS is a treatable condition. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing long-term health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. Consult your doctor if you experience any symptoms. You are not alone.

"PCOS affects approximately 5 million women in the US." - American Academy of Family Physicians

Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. For further information or to schedule a consultation, contact Balance Point Endocrinology.